|
Northern
Ireland www.links4students.com
This
is intended for use in my "grunnkurs" class of the upper
secondary school in Norway . |
||||
| I will try to list, and explain, some of the problems/terms met with when we read texts about Northern Ireland. I am presenting an outsider's view, based on what I have read and heard. Opinions differ as to causes and effects in this conflict and it is important that you consult other sources as well - with a critical but open mind. | ||||
|
Very good maps of Ireland can be found at this website:
|
||||
|
Some dates in Irish history. |
||||
|
8000-7000?
BC |
Various Palaeolithic tribes (users of flint) probably first inhabited Ireland a few thousand years BC.
|
||
|
5th
century BC |
Ireland
is mentioned under the name of Ierne in a Greek poem of the 5th century
BC. |
||
|
C.
700 - 100 BC |
The
Celtic invasion introduced a new culture (language, customs, and religion) into
Ireland. (The
island was never part of the Roman Empire.) |
||
|
461 |
St.
Patrick
dies The
Apostle of Ireland (also called the patron
saint of
Ireland) spent much of his life converting
the Irish to Christianity but it took some time after his death (about
461) before the new faith
was fully established in the island. The
Irish celebrate their most important national holiday "St Patrick's
Day" on the 17 of March. |
||
|
C.
800 |
Viking
invasions begin (-
a map showing Viking settlements and plundered and surviving monasteries
will be shown if you click on the icon to the right). |
|
|
|
11-1200 |
The
English English
knights took control of an area around Dublin. |
 |
|
|
16-1700 |
The
English monarchs started a systematic conquest
of Ireland |
  |
|
|
1607
- |
The
Ulster Plantation The
English began a policy of immigration when two Irish earls fled from
Ulster because they feared the English would arrest them for treason.
Most of the land of their tribes was given to Scottish and English settlers. |
(This is the reason why there are two large groups of religious affiliation in N.I. today - a Protestant majority and a Catholic minority.) | |
|
1649-53 |
Under Cromwell (who was strongly anti-Catholic): The
English continued a policy of confiscating
land from the Irish nobility e.g. on the rich soil in Ulster
(Northern Ireland) and Munster
(The South
of Ireland). Much of this land was given to English Lords and ex-soldiers.
|
 |
|
|
1690 |
July The
English King
William III (of Orange) crushed the Catholic rebellion in the
Battle
of the Boyne
|
||
|
1801 |
The
Dublin Parliament was abolished
– Union between England and Ireland established. |
||
|
1845-51 |
The
Great Famine
(A
potato disease - Phytophthora infestans - ruined the crops)
The
English government reacted insufficiently and too slowly to help. English
landowners at the same time exported grain from Ireland. |
||
|
1916 |
The
Easter Rising
in Dublin. It
was quickly crushed and most of the leaders were executed. This rebellion
led to the formation of The Irish Republican Army (IRA) |
||
|
1921 |
Partition
- Ireland is divided
After
a war of Independence The Irish Free State was established - but
they had to stay in the Commonwealth
and Northern Ireland (Ulster) remained part of the UK. |
||
|
1937 |
Eire
was established as a “sovereign independent democratic state”. (Eamon
De Valera
was Ireland's first Prime Minister) |
||
|
1949 |
Ireland
left the Commonwealth |
||
|
1968 |
Civil
Rights movement |
||
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
This
is mostly based on information found in NRK-programs for upper secondary
schools |
|
1.
|
fra
den eldre steinalder |
|
|
2.
|
omvende |
|
|
3.
|
Commonwealth
(of
Nations) |
Today
a loose association of countries - mostly former British colonies (Previously:
The British Commonwealth / The British Empire). Consists
of 51 sovereign nations and several dependencies. Sovereign
nations: Great
Britain, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, the Bahamas, Bangladesh,
Barbados, Belize, Botswana, Brunei, Canada, Cyprus, Dominica, The Gambia,
Ghana, Grenada, Guyana, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Malawi,
Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius, Namibia, Nauru, New Zealand,
Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, St Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, St
Vincent and the Grenadines, the Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, the
Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga,
Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Western Samoa, Zambia, and
Zimbabwe. The
Union (now Republic) of South Africa withdrew from the Commonwealth
in 1961, but rejoined in 1994. Pakistan
left the Commonwealth in 1972, but became a member again in 1989. Fiji
withdrew in 1987. The
Republic of Ireland is associated with it for commercial purposes
but is not a member. |
|
4.
|
tro |
|
|
5.
|
skytshelgen |
|
|
6.
|
kloster
(for menn) |
|
|
7.
|
erobring |
|
|
8.
|
forræderi |
|
|
9.
|
konfiskere,
beslaglegge, ta |
|
|
10.
|
|
|
|
11.
|
This
battle was fought near the Boyne river about 50 km north of Dublin on July
1st 1690. |
|
|
Irish
(Catholics): |
||
|
against |
||
|
English
(Protestants): |
||
|
The
army of William III of Orange (the Protestants) won. The
N.I. Protestants celebrate the victory every year (on the 12 of
July though). The
Protestant organisation: The Orange Order (established in 1795), was named
after William III of Orange. |
||
|
12.
|
skremme |
|
|
13.
|
avskaffe,
fjerne |
|
|
14.
|
tilhørighet |
|
|
www.links4students.com
|
